2005 Vol. 26, No. 6
Display Method:
2005, 26(6): 1-3.
Abstract:
Generally speaking, the traditional reconnaissance includes four basic courses: selection of observation post, occupation of observation post, reconnaissance preparation and operation. The reaction speed and striking efficacy is demanded in modern war under the hightech condition. As far as the post reconnaissance, some important breakthroughs in traditional observation must be made, and the digitization, automation, network and integrated reconnaissance systems for individual soldiers must be set up to raise high efficiency, flexibility and survivability of observation posts. In order to realize this, some traditional technology must be abandoned, new technology must be extensively adopted and the individual reconnaissance systems must be developed for the future war. On the basis of the computer, sensor, GPS,GIS and wireless digitization transmission technology, a new reconnaissance project is brought forward, which can be used in the future battlefield.
Generally speaking, the traditional reconnaissance includes four basic courses: selection of observation post, occupation of observation post, reconnaissance preparation and operation. The reaction speed and striking efficacy is demanded in modern war under the hightech condition. As far as the post reconnaissance, some important breakthroughs in traditional observation must be made, and the digitization, automation, network and integrated reconnaissance systems for individual soldiers must be set up to raise high efficiency, flexibility and survivability of observation posts. In order to realize this, some traditional technology must be abandoned, new technology must be extensively adopted and the individual reconnaissance systems must be developed for the future war. On the basis of the computer, sensor, GPS,GIS and wireless digitization transmission technology, a new reconnaissance project is brought forward, which can be used in the future battlefield.
2005, 26(6): 4-7.
Abstract:
Wavehopping antiship missiles such as “Exocet MM38”, etc. are serious threats to heavy surface vessels, and the shipborne closein weapons system is the “last chance” defense against the antiship missiles. Therefore, as for the interception of the wavehopping antiship missiles, the accurate, stable and automatic target tracking is one of the key technologies for the system. The constitution of the dualchannel video processor, which is adapted to tracing the wavehopping highspeed missiles automatically, is presented in this paper. Some technologies of the processor, such as operation principle, noise suppression preprocessing, image segmentation, signature extraction, recognition and position detection, are briefly introduced. And the central part (the resource utilization and the data fusion processing of the dualchannel video information) is discussed in detail. The dualchannel parallel processing data fusion was applied firstly at home to the optoelectronic tracking instruments of shipborne closein weapons systems, and a satisfactory tracking effect was achieved in the demonstration test on the sea.
Wavehopping antiship missiles such as “Exocet MM38”, etc. are serious threats to heavy surface vessels, and the shipborne closein weapons system is the “last chance” defense against the antiship missiles. Therefore, as for the interception of the wavehopping antiship missiles, the accurate, stable and automatic target tracking is one of the key technologies for the system. The constitution of the dualchannel video processor, which is adapted to tracing the wavehopping highspeed missiles automatically, is presented in this paper. Some technologies of the processor, such as operation principle, noise suppression preprocessing, image segmentation, signature extraction, recognition and position detection, are briefly introduced. And the central part (the resource utilization and the data fusion processing of the dualchannel video information) is discussed in detail. The dualchannel parallel processing data fusion was applied firstly at home to the optoelectronic tracking instruments of shipborne closein weapons systems, and a satisfactory tracking effect was achieved in the demonstration test on the sea.
2005, 26(6): 8-11.
Abstract:
The opticaltoelectrical conversion systems, especially the postprocessing for the acquisition signal are investigated. The process of CCD signal acquisition and processing realized by a certain DSPbased hardware during the optoelectronic data acquisition processing is introduced. The differential algorithm for edge recognition of CCD signal and the algorithm for combining the linear array CCD signals to restore the 2D image signals are given. And the detailed hardware processing circuit is provided. The data transmission between DSP and FIFO, and the interface circuit between DSP and USB are emphatically introduced. The problem of the 2D image signal restoration, which is impossible for the system to solve with ordinary technology, was solved with this technology. Finally, the validity of the method is proved by the experiments. Since the linear array CCD signal is stored in the form of several lines, the method is especially suitable for image acquisition system of laser carver.
The opticaltoelectrical conversion systems, especially the postprocessing for the acquisition signal are investigated. The process of CCD signal acquisition and processing realized by a certain DSPbased hardware during the optoelectronic data acquisition processing is introduced. The differential algorithm for edge recognition of CCD signal and the algorithm for combining the linear array CCD signals to restore the 2D image signals are given. And the detailed hardware processing circuit is provided. The data transmission between DSP and FIFO, and the interface circuit between DSP and USB are emphatically introduced. The problem of the 2D image signal restoration, which is impossible for the system to solve with ordinary technology, was solved with this technology. Finally, the validity of the method is proved by the experiments. Since the linear array CCD signal is stored in the form of several lines, the method is especially suitable for image acquisition system of laser carver.
2005, 26(6): 12-14.
Abstract:
A way to form the threedimensional photograph of more objects by nesting of big and small ellipse path is introduced according to the character of ellipse and constraint conditions of experimentation. The holographic recording for more objects can be realized with this method by the aid of a holographic recording system in our laboratory. It can avoid the complex work for repeatedly adjusting the reference beam and the object beam to the equal opticalpath length during the experiment. Several objects appearing in the same space at the same time or the information from different viewing angles of one object were recorded in one hologram. The threedimensional hologram was got in such a way.
A way to form the threedimensional photograph of more objects by nesting of big and small ellipse path is introduced according to the character of ellipse and constraint conditions of experimentation. The holographic recording for more objects can be realized with this method by the aid of a holographic recording system in our laboratory. It can avoid the complex work for repeatedly adjusting the reference beam and the object beam to the equal opticalpath length during the experiment. Several objects appearing in the same space at the same time or the information from different viewing angles of one object were recorded in one hologram. The threedimensional hologram was got in such a way.
2005, 26(6): 15-18.
Abstract:
In the manufacture and application of the complicated controlling, launching, tracking systems, the angular error caused by the deviation of mounting position of subsystems or assemblies in a whole system will influence the controlling, tracking and launching accuracy or other measurement results, so the error must be measured and corrected. It is very important to control the position error.A new method for measuring the boresight error between optical axes based on facular center located with vision image is presented. A machine vision angle metering system based on LABVIEW ( a virtual instrument platform ) was also constructed. It was used to align some axes (e.g.axis of launch, axis of targeting, axis of laser designator, etc.) in a large weapon system, and a satisfactory test result was got.
In the manufacture and application of the complicated controlling, launching, tracking systems, the angular error caused by the deviation of mounting position of subsystems or assemblies in a whole system will influence the controlling, tracking and launching accuracy or other measurement results, so the error must be measured and corrected. It is very important to control the position error.A new method for measuring the boresight error between optical axes based on facular center located with vision image is presented. A machine vision angle metering system based on LABVIEW ( a virtual instrument platform ) was also constructed. It was used to align some axes (e.g.axis of launch, axis of targeting, axis of laser designator, etc.) in a large weapon system, and a satisfactory test result was got.
2005, 26(6): 19-22.
Abstract:
In order to improve the relatively poor orthogonality and capacity for more users in OCDMA system, which uses the single polarity code, the differential check scheme on the receiver side of the spectrum encoding OCDMA system with the bipolarity codes is studied. The condition, which should be met by the address code used for the differential spectrum amplitude encoding scheme, is discussed. The bit error rate of the OOK and the bipolarity encoding scheme is analyzed with chirp and JohnsonNyquist noise taken into account. Through the numerical calculation, the performance comparison between one system (that both “one” and “zero”represent the signals) and another system (that only “one” represents the signals) was made. The results show that the scheme of the bipolarity address code and the higher laser power can improve the system performance.
In order to improve the relatively poor orthogonality and capacity for more users in OCDMA system, which uses the single polarity code, the differential check scheme on the receiver side of the spectrum encoding OCDMA system with the bipolarity codes is studied. The condition, which should be met by the address code used for the differential spectrum amplitude encoding scheme, is discussed. The bit error rate of the OOK and the bipolarity encoding scheme is analyzed with chirp and JohnsonNyquist noise taken into account. Through the numerical calculation, the performance comparison between one system (that both “one” and “zero”represent the signals) and another system (that only “one” represents the signals) was made. The results show that the scheme of the bipolarity address code and the higher laser power can improve the system performance.
2005, 26(6): 23-27.
Abstract:
The new theoretic development on acoustooptic interaction is introduced. Adopting the tentation of raster，the acoustooptic interaction in isotropic medium is discussed, and the formula of diffractive efficiency for the diffractive beam is deduced. A new experiment equipment on acoustooptic interaction is developed. By means of a linear array CCD lightintensity distribution measuring system, via the variation of the frequency and the power of ultrasonic wave, the direction control and the intensity modulation for the laser beam can be carried out. The relation curve between acoustooptic deflexion and modulation measurement is given. The experimental result shows that as the power of ultrasonic wave is fixed, and the relation curve of the diffractive lightintensity relative to zeroorder diffractive light and ultrasonic frequency is measured, not only the sound velocity can be calculated,but also the bandwidth and the centric frequency of an acoustooptic element can be confirmed under Bragg diffraction.
The new theoretic development on acoustooptic interaction is introduced. Adopting the tentation of raster，the acoustooptic interaction in isotropic medium is discussed, and the formula of diffractive efficiency for the diffractive beam is deduced. A new experiment equipment on acoustooptic interaction is developed. By means of a linear array CCD lightintensity distribution measuring system, via the variation of the frequency and the power of ultrasonic wave, the direction control and the intensity modulation for the laser beam can be carried out. The relation curve between acoustooptic deflexion and modulation measurement is given. The experimental result shows that as the power of ultrasonic wave is fixed, and the relation curve of the diffractive lightintensity relative to zeroorder diffractive light and ultrasonic frequency is measured, not only the sound velocity can be calculated,but also the bandwidth and the centric frequency of an acoustooptic element can be confirmed under Bragg diffraction.
2005, 26(6): 28-31.
Abstract:
The generation of fluorescence，the mechanism of fluorescence lifetime and the basic measuring principle for fluorescence lifetime are introduced. A test system for fluorescence lifetimes of pesticides is designed by means of the direct record method(the Photon Counting Technique). According to the natures of the samples under test, a corresponding pulsed light source, optical elements, a semiconducting detector, etc. were chosen. All the working parameters such as the pulsed period of the excitation light source were reasonably optimized, a simple modular design was employed, the fluorescence lifetime of carbaryl solution was measured without the interference of the excitation light, and the fluorescence decay curves and the lifetime of 300～400ps (FWHM) were obtained as the concentration of the carbaryl solution is 500μg／L. The results indicate that the system has the virtues of the simplicity in structure and convenience to operate, and can measure lifetimes as short as the order of 100ps.It is suitable for the quantitative measurement fluorescence lifetime of pesticides which can emit fluorescence.
The generation of fluorescence，the mechanism of fluorescence lifetime and the basic measuring principle for fluorescence lifetime are introduced. A test system for fluorescence lifetimes of pesticides is designed by means of the direct record method(the Photon Counting Technique). According to the natures of the samples under test, a corresponding pulsed light source, optical elements, a semiconducting detector, etc. were chosen. All the working parameters such as the pulsed period of the excitation light source were reasonably optimized, a simple modular design was employed, the fluorescence lifetime of carbaryl solution was measured without the interference of the excitation light, and the fluorescence decay curves and the lifetime of 300～400ps (FWHM) were obtained as the concentration of the carbaryl solution is 500μg／L. The results indicate that the system has the virtues of the simplicity in structure and convenience to operate, and can measure lifetimes as short as the order of 100ps.It is suitable for the quantitative measurement fluorescence lifetime of pesticides which can emit fluorescence.
2005, 26(6): 32-34.
Abstract:
The effect of postprocessing (annealing and secondary ion exchange process) on the transmission characteristics of planar optical waveguide of a new Er3+/Yb3+codoped phosphate glass was investigated. Because of the redistribution of Ag+ ions under the annealing and difference of Ag+ ion concentration between glass waveguide surface and substrate, it is found that with the prolonging of annealing time and increasing of annealing temperature, the quantity of optical waveguide modes and the depth of waveguide are increased, and the difference of refractive index between surface and substrate are decreased. The annealing diffusion depth is in direct proportion to the square root of annealing time. The result of microprobe analysis indicates that buried optical waveguide was formed after the secondary ion exchange process, the profile was close to quadratic distribution and the buried waveguide contributes to the decrease of transmission loss of the optical waveguide.
The effect of postprocessing (annealing and secondary ion exchange process) on the transmission characteristics of planar optical waveguide of a new Er3+/Yb3+codoped phosphate glass was investigated. Because of the redistribution of Ag+ ions under the annealing and difference of Ag+ ion concentration between glass waveguide surface and substrate, it is found that with the prolonging of annealing time and increasing of annealing temperature, the quantity of optical waveguide modes and the depth of waveguide are increased, and the difference of refractive index between surface and substrate are decreased. The annealing diffusion depth is in direct proportion to the square root of annealing time. The result of microprobe analysis indicates that buried optical waveguide was formed after the secondary ion exchange process, the profile was close to quadratic distribution and the buried waveguide contributes to the decrease of transmission loss of the optical waveguide.
2005, 26(6): 35-37.
Abstract:
The magneticfield distribution of nonbalance magnetron sputtering coating equipment has a serious effect on film coating. A method that with the finite element method solves for magneticfield generated by live coil in nonbalance magnetron sputtering coating equipment is introduced. Based on the theory of electromagneticfield, the calculation model of magneticfield generated by live coil had been deduced and with the ANSYS based on finite element method, the magneticfield distribution caused by the coil in nonbalance magnetron sputtering coating equipment was simulated. The reliability of calculation model and results were verified by comparison with practical measurement results. The magneticfield distribution of nonbalance magnetron sputtering coating equipment is summarized, and it provide reference for optimizing a design plan of coating and improving the quality of thin films.
The magneticfield distribution of nonbalance magnetron sputtering coating equipment has a serious effect on film coating. A method that with the finite element method solves for magneticfield generated by live coil in nonbalance magnetron sputtering coating equipment is introduced. Based on the theory of electromagneticfield, the calculation model of magneticfield generated by live coil had been deduced and with the ANSYS based on finite element method, the magneticfield distribution caused by the coil in nonbalance magnetron sputtering coating equipment was simulated. The reliability of calculation model and results were verified by comparison with practical measurement results. The magneticfield distribution of nonbalance magnetron sputtering coating equipment is summarized, and it provide reference for optimizing a design plan of coating and improving the quality of thin films.
2005, 26(6): 38-40.
Abstract:
The safety CH4 opticalfiber sensor is studied based on the optoelectronic measurement theory and wavelengthdivision multiplexer technology. By use of the CH4, the sensor of the system works in the harmonic absorption spectrum at 1.331μm. The system works in dualwavelength differential absorption mode and its reference wavelength is 1.27μm, so the effect of the dispersion and perturbation , except the light absorption, is eliminated. The resolution of the system has reached 0.001% and the realtime display has been realized by the data acquisition and processing with A/D/A conversion card controlled by the software. The system may not only be used to accurately measure CH4, but also to operate safely and reliably because of the application of the optical measurement. Therefore, the system can be used for any coal mine to measure the concentration of CH4 in remote supervisory control mode.
The safety CH4 opticalfiber sensor is studied based on the optoelectronic measurement theory and wavelengthdivision multiplexer technology. By use of the CH4, the sensor of the system works in the harmonic absorption spectrum at 1.331μm. The system works in dualwavelength differential absorption mode and its reference wavelength is 1.27μm, so the effect of the dispersion and perturbation , except the light absorption, is eliminated. The resolution of the system has reached 0.001% and the realtime display has been realized by the data acquisition and processing with A/D/A conversion card controlled by the software. The system may not only be used to accurately measure CH4, but also to operate safely and reliably because of the application of the optical measurement. Therefore, the system can be used for any coal mine to measure the concentration of CH4 in remote supervisory control mode.
2005, 26(6): 41-45.
Abstract:
The basic theory and methods about dynamic fatigue test and screen test are introduced. The fatigue experimentation for the optical fiber was made with these methods on an electronic material function test machine under the room temperature. The result proves that the lifetime of guidance optical fiber may exceed a decade when the strain is less than 850 g, and the values of the Weibull parameter (md) and the fatigue parameter (nd) have their effects on the fiber lifetime. The experiments indicate that the dynamic fatigue test model fits for the prediction of the guidance fiber lifetime and the screen test model is suited for the communication fiber lifetime because fibers’lifetime depends heavily on their applications. If long lifetime and reliability need to be obtained, the antifatigue factor nd must be increased and the stress of the fiber in cable must be reduced.
The basic theory and methods about dynamic fatigue test and screen test are introduced. The fatigue experimentation for the optical fiber was made with these methods on an electronic material function test machine under the room temperature. The result proves that the lifetime of guidance optical fiber may exceed a decade when the strain is less than 850 g, and the values of the Weibull parameter (md) and the fatigue parameter (nd) have their effects on the fiber lifetime. The experiments indicate that the dynamic fatigue test model fits for the prediction of the guidance fiber lifetime and the screen test model is suited for the communication fiber lifetime because fibers’lifetime depends heavily on their applications. If long lifetime and reliability need to be obtained, the antifatigue factor nd must be increased and the stress of the fiber in cable must be reduced.
2005, 26(6): 46-48.
Abstract:
Based on the principle of reflective fiberoptic sensor, a method of online noncontact testing for roller abradability is proposed. The measurement of the reflective light intensity is utilized in the method. Also a practical circuit for reflective fiber displacement sensor in testing roller abradability is introduced emphatically. According to the characteristic and the accuracy requirement of the testing course for the roller abradability, the principle, the construction and the function of the sensor circuit are elaborated and analyzed. The theories and experiments show that the proposed circuit system is stable, both the accuracy and the sensitivity can meet the demand of the actual application. And the circuit also suits for other testing systems, in which the reflective fiber displacement transducers are used under the similar condition after a slight modification.
Based on the principle of reflective fiberoptic sensor, a method of online noncontact testing for roller abradability is proposed. The measurement of the reflective light intensity is utilized in the method. Also a practical circuit for reflective fiber displacement sensor in testing roller abradability is introduced emphatically. According to the characteristic and the accuracy requirement of the testing course for the roller abradability, the principle, the construction and the function of the sensor circuit are elaborated and analyzed. The theories and experiments show that the proposed circuit system is stable, both the accuracy and the sensitivity can meet the demand of the actual application. And the circuit also suits for other testing systems, in which the reflective fiber displacement transducers are used under the similar condition after a slight modification.
2005, 26(6): 49-52.
Abstract:
The main reason that blocks traditional fiber to develop towards big capacity and long distance communication is the loss of light energy and dispersion, so the manufacture of photonic crystal fiber with lower loss and dispersion will be the direction of fiber development. Based on the introduction of the manufacture, principle and characteristics of photonic crystal fiber, and comparison with the common fiber, the characteristics of “endless” singlemode, strange dispersion, controllable nonlinear and more cores’ transmission of the photonic crystal fiber are investigated. The result shows that the photonic crystal fiber will have a broad application in photonic crystal fiber sensor,photonic crystal antennae, dispersion compensation and optical integrated circuit.
The main reason that blocks traditional fiber to develop towards big capacity and long distance communication is the loss of light energy and dispersion, so the manufacture of photonic crystal fiber with lower loss and dispersion will be the direction of fiber development. Based on the introduction of the manufacture, principle and characteristics of photonic crystal fiber, and comparison with the common fiber, the characteristics of “endless” singlemode, strange dispersion, controllable nonlinear and more cores’ transmission of the photonic crystal fiber are investigated. The result shows that the photonic crystal fiber will have a broad application in photonic crystal fiber sensor,photonic crystal antennae, dispersion compensation and optical integrated circuit.
2005, 26(6): 53-56.
Abstract:
It is necessary to measure laser orientation in some applications such as laser reconnaissance and alarm. Based on the analysis of interference stripes of equal thickness generated by the parallel laser on optical wedge, the relation of the stripe spacing and laser incidence angle is obtained, and a model of determining the laser incidence direction is presented by means of the measurement of spaces between interference stripes on the adjacent three wedges, then the detecting principle of the model is demonstrated in detail. A multiwindow design for laser orientation detection is given, which is composed of nine optical wedges and can detect laser incidence angle in hemispheric space. The theoretical calculation shows that the design is feasible. The design has more advantages as compared with the existing ones in some aspects such as detection accuracy, reaction speed and system composition.
It is necessary to measure laser orientation in some applications such as laser reconnaissance and alarm. Based on the analysis of interference stripes of equal thickness generated by the parallel laser on optical wedge, the relation of the stripe spacing and laser incidence angle is obtained, and a model of determining the laser incidence direction is presented by means of the measurement of spaces between interference stripes on the adjacent three wedges, then the detecting principle of the model is demonstrated in detail. A multiwindow design for laser orientation detection is given, which is composed of nine optical wedges and can detect laser incidence angle in hemispheric space. The theoretical calculation shows that the design is feasible. The design has more advantages as compared with the existing ones in some aspects such as detection accuracy, reaction speed and system composition.
2005, 26(6): 54-57.
Abstract:
Based on the introduction of the overall design considerations for the spacetoground optical communication link, the research on some important concepts, such as parameters’coordination in the design of communication link, effect of atmospheric channels on system design, design of communication subsystem, subsystem design of beam APT (acquisition, pointing and tracking) , optical system design and so on, involved in the design process,is discussed in this paper. All the work we did would help us to know the spacetoground optical communication very well and realize it ultimately.
Based on the introduction of the overall design considerations for the spacetoground optical communication link, the research on some important concepts, such as parameters’coordination in the design of communication link, effect of atmospheric channels on system design, design of communication subsystem, subsystem design of beam APT (acquisition, pointing and tracking) , optical system design and so on, involved in the design process,is discussed in this paper. All the work we did would help us to know the spacetoground optical communication very well and realize it ultimately.
2005, 26(6): 63-65.
Abstract:
In order to enhance the transmission of germanium and mechanical feature of the antireflective film, the design and preparation of the high performance infrared wideband antireflective film deposited on germanium substrate by ionbeam assisted deposition are investigated. The selection of film material, the design of film systems and the process of the ionbeam assisted deposition for the film systems are introduced. The measured spectral curves of the antireflection film at 7～11.5μm, deposited by this method, are given. The experimental results show that the peak transmission of the film is more than 99.5％, the average transmission in the designed wavelength range is greater than 97.5％, the film adherency is good， the optical and mechanical properties are stable. These are critical for the application of infrared optical systems.
In order to enhance the transmission of germanium and mechanical feature of the antireflective film, the design and preparation of the high performance infrared wideband antireflective film deposited on germanium substrate by ionbeam assisted deposition are investigated. The selection of film material, the design of film systems and the process of the ionbeam assisted deposition for the film systems are introduced. The measured spectral curves of the antireflection film at 7～11.5μm, deposited by this method, are given. The experimental results show that the peak transmission of the film is more than 99.5％, the average transmission in the designed wavelength range is greater than 97.5％, the film adherency is good， the optical and mechanical properties are stable. These are critical for the application of infrared optical systems.
2005, 26(6): 66-69.
Abstract:
In order to solve the problems (slow rate and big volume) which the existing color measuring instruments are confronted with, a mathematical model for color measurement was established with the advanced optoelectronic spectrograph method for color measurement and an automatical spectrophotometer was designed. The system consists of illumination system, optoelectronic spectrograph, signal collecting and processing circuit, and color measuring software. The design of the illumination system and optoelectronic spectrograph are introduced in detail. Photoelectrical spectrograph device uses a flatfield concave grating as a beamsplitting device and the linear array CCD as detectors, thus, the volume of instrument was reduced. Seven standard color boards were measured with the spectrophotometer, and the result is that the measurement uncertainty of chromaticity coordinate is less than 0.01 and color measurement period is 1 s. These indicate that the instrument can meet the requirements of rate and accuracy in color measurement in industry.
In order to solve the problems (slow rate and big volume) which the existing color measuring instruments are confronted with, a mathematical model for color measurement was established with the advanced optoelectronic spectrograph method for color measurement and an automatical spectrophotometer was designed. The system consists of illumination system, optoelectronic spectrograph, signal collecting and processing circuit, and color measuring software. The design of the illumination system and optoelectronic spectrograph are introduced in detail. Photoelectrical spectrograph device uses a flatfield concave grating as a beamsplitting device and the linear array CCD as detectors, thus, the volume of instrument was reduced. Seven standard color boards were measured with the spectrophotometer, and the result is that the measurement uncertainty of chromaticity coordinate is less than 0.01 and color measurement period is 1 s. These indicate that the instrument can meet the requirements of rate and accuracy in color measurement in industry.
2005, 26(6): 70-073.
Abstract:
Spectral irradiance, which is the most elementary parameter in spectral radiation metrology, is the important foundation on studying the characteristics of all kinds of radiating sources and optoelectronic detectors. In order to improve measurement precision and traceability of spectral irradiance quantity value, the optical metrology station uses BB3200K high temperature black body as a fiducial source and adopts the new method for measuring the radiation temperature. We derived the relation between radiation temperature and radiation power by making use of a series of radiation theories and geometry principle. The precision quantity value measurement of spectral irradiance is realized by absolute measurement of the radiation power by means of a cryogenic radiometer. The measurement results are shown in the paper. The theory laid the foundation for the new detectorbased quantitytransfer system. This paper mainly introduces the new measurement method and math model about measuring spectral irradiance. At the same time, the measurement device and measurement principle are introduced.
Spectral irradiance, which is the most elementary parameter in spectral radiation metrology, is the important foundation on studying the characteristics of all kinds of radiating sources and optoelectronic detectors. In order to improve measurement precision and traceability of spectral irradiance quantity value, the optical metrology station uses BB3200K high temperature black body as a fiducial source and adopts the new method for measuring the radiation temperature. We derived the relation between radiation temperature and radiation power by making use of a series of radiation theories and geometry principle. The precision quantity value measurement of spectral irradiance is realized by absolute measurement of the radiation power by means of a cryogenic radiometer. The measurement results are shown in the paper. The theory laid the foundation for the new detectorbased quantitytransfer system. This paper mainly introduces the new measurement method and math model about measuring spectral irradiance. At the same time, the measurement device and measurement principle are introduced.
2005, 26(6): 74-076.
Abstract:
In order to design the material, which can generate the ultraviolet spectrum and fit a certain requirement, and measure the ultraviolet spectrum better, a method that utilizes some atomic material and appropriate excitation source to generate the needed ultraviolet spectrum and then measures the ultraviolet spectrum with the ultraviolet sensor is proposed.This is very useful for study and application of ultraviolet guided missile countermeasure and jam. According to related theories, the ultraviolet spectrum of atomic materials, especially the electron energy transition around alkali metal atomic nucleus is analyzed and calculated, and the spectral line data is listed in this paper. The measurement principle of target ultraviolet spectrum is also introduced. After the excitation scheme of suitable ultraviolet material is selected, the ultraviolet spectrum is measured with the dualgrating monochromator and ultraviolet sensor.Finally, the experimental result and the curve diagram of measurement for ultraviolet radiation spectrum are given.
In order to design the material, which can generate the ultraviolet spectrum and fit a certain requirement, and measure the ultraviolet spectrum better, a method that utilizes some atomic material and appropriate excitation source to generate the needed ultraviolet spectrum and then measures the ultraviolet spectrum with the ultraviolet sensor is proposed.This is very useful for study and application of ultraviolet guided missile countermeasure and jam. According to related theories, the ultraviolet spectrum of atomic materials, especially the electron energy transition around alkali metal atomic nucleus is analyzed and calculated, and the spectral line data is listed in this paper. The measurement principle of target ultraviolet spectrum is also introduced. After the excitation scheme of suitable ultraviolet material is selected, the ultraviolet spectrum is measured with the dualgrating monochromator and ultraviolet sensor.Finally, the experimental result and the curve diagram of measurement for ultraviolet radiation spectrum are given.
2005, 26(6): 77-080.
Abstract:
The fabrication technology of continuous relief mask for diffractive plane focus lens is studied in the paper. According to Kirchhoff’s scalar diffraction theory, with the ray tracing method, a continuous relief mask for diffractive focus lens has been designed. Using the technology, some experiments on the writing of the mask were carried out with the help of CLWS300M/C. The results show that the laser energy, prebake temperature, developer concentration and preexposure will affect the microstructure of the mask.The mask was fabricated with such technology after a lot of efforts. Compared with the technology for binary optical mask, the technology has the following strong points: process simplification, short period of fabrication and easy operation.
The fabrication technology of continuous relief mask for diffractive plane focus lens is studied in the paper. According to Kirchhoff’s scalar diffraction theory, with the ray tracing method, a continuous relief mask for diffractive focus lens has been designed. Using the technology, some experiments on the writing of the mask were carried out with the help of CLWS300M/C. The results show that the laser energy, prebake temperature, developer concentration and preexposure will affect the microstructure of the mask.The mask was fabricated with such technology after a lot of efforts. Compared with the technology for binary optical mask, the technology has the following strong points: process simplification, short period of fabrication and easy operation.
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