Abstract: Both the sky background light and the ocean background light belong to the strong background light, and the influence of the background light should be considered when detecting high-altitude targets and ocean targets. In order to effectively suppress the influence of this strong background light on target detection, a set of optical mechatronics devices for polarization detection was designed based on the theory of polarization optics. The basic method of polarization detection, the technical index requirements of the whole detection device, the mechanical structure design of the polarization detection device and the control process of the whole device were introduced. In addition, the cooperative target was detected through experiments, and relevant experimental verification was carried out. The experimental results show that the polarization detection device designed this time can effectively realize the function of completely blocking sunlight, reduce the influence of sunlight on the detection of marine targets, and provide the ability to identify targets.