Abstract: In order to solve the problem of large uncertainty of the wobble accuracy test for the sub-second vertical spindle system, a structure scheme based on the standard double-row ball bearing was proposed. Based on the finite element simulation and the error synthesis theory, it was found that the wobble error of the spindle system was better than 0.42″ (3σ). After that, the uncertainties of the two conventional precision test schemes based on the method of horizontal instrument and the method of pentagon prism were analyzed, which were not less than 0.4″ (k=2) and 0.37″ (k=2), respectively, and could not meet the requirements for the wobble error test of the sub-second vertical spindle system. Therefore, a kind of inflected optical circuit was proposed, and the uncertainty of the test results was only 0.13″ (k=2). Finally, the prototype was completed. The test results of the 1-ring 72 points and the 4 ring 12 points are 0.38″ (3σ) and 0.20″ (3σ), respectively, reaching the leading level at home, which verifies the correctness of the proposed sub-second wobble error test method, illustrates the feasibility of implementing sub-second wobble based on standard bearing, and provides a new idea for design and inspection of the sub-second vertical spindle system.