Research on combined elevation measurement method based on physical horizontal reference
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摘要: 针对空间坐标点相对于测量基准的高程测量准确性问题，提出一种基于物理水平基准的组合式高程测量方法。利用激光三角测量原理及其测量光路的几何特性，搭建了物理水平基准的高程测量系统，在朗伯散射光场中，分析了倾角变化对激光光能质心偏移量的影响，建立了相应的误差修正模型，利用倾角传感器实现了高程测量的倾角误差补偿，自主研制了标定平台对本文提出的高程测量系统进行标定验证试验。结果表明：本文提出的组合式高程测量方法能够在500 mm测量量程下将重复性测量误差控制在±20 μm的波动范围内，相较于单一激光位移传感器测量方式，其组合式高程测量误差波动量大幅度降低，能够适应空间坐标点在任意姿态下的精准测量，有效改善激光位移传感器在高程测量领域的性能，使其测量结果更为真实有效。Abstract: In response to the issue of accuracy in measuring the elevation of spatial coordinate points relative to a reference point, a new elevation measurement method based on a physical horizontal reference plane is proposed. By utilising the concepts of laser triangulation and leveraging the geometric features of measuring light pathways, a high-precision elevation measurement system was built. This technique employed a physical horizontal reference. Within a Lambertian scattering light field, an analysis was done to determine the influence of tilt angle modifications on the centroid displacement of laser energy. An related error correction model was built, which permitted tilt angle compensation for elevation data by the use of a tilt angle sensor. Additionally, an autonomously constructed calibration platform was deployed for verification studies targeted at calibrating the suggested elevation measuring system. The findings demonstrate that the proposed combined elevation measuring technique achieves a repeatable measurement error within a fluctuation range of ±20 μm across a 500 mm measurement range. Compared to the single laser displacement sensor measurement methodology, the combined elevation measuring method considerably lowers the fluctuation of measurement errors. It is capable of supporting precise measurements of spatial coordinate points in any orientation and effectively boosting the performance of laser displacement sensors in the area of elevation measurement, consequently giving more genuine and effective measurement results.
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图 1 基于水平基准的高程测量原理图
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of elevation measurement based on horizontal reference
图 2 激光束散射光场分析示意图
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of analysis for laser beam scattering light field
图 3 高程测量方法的空间坐标矢量模型
Fig. 3 Space coordinate vector model of elevation measurement method
图 4 实验标定平台组成示意图
Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of composition of experimental calibration platform
图 6 XY轴倾角变化对应的误差分布
Fig. 6 Error distribution corresponding to inclination change of XY axis
图 7 测量距离对测距设备误差的影响
Fig. 7 Influence of measuring distance on error of distance measuring equipment
表 1 倾角实验数据记录
Table 1 Record of inclination test data
X&Y倾角变化 测量差值 修正后差值 $ \alpha $倾角修正/mm $ \beta $倾角修正/mm $ \alpha $/° $ \beta $/° $ {Z_\alpha } $/mm $ {Z_\beta } $/mm $ Z_\alpha ' $/mm $ Z_\beta ' $/mm −2.454 2 −3.547 8 29.582 6 29.511 4 29.604 6 29.527 9 −0.022 0 −0.016 5 −1.438 2 −2.704 3 29.247 4 29.604 0 29.271 7 29.619 1 −0.024 2 −0.015 1 −0.466 3 −1.680 8 29.411 7 28.955 1 29.437 8 28.968 9 −0.026 1 −0.013 8 0.556 1 −0.657 0 28.907 1 30.137 4 28.934 7 30.149 5 −0.027 6 −0.012 1 1.533 5 0.336 9 28.867 8 29.786 9 28.895 7 29.798 2 −0.027 9 −0.011 3 2.516 4 1.314 1 29.185 1 29.969 9 29.212 0 29.981 6 −0.026 9 −0.011 7 3.518 0 2.314 0 29.605 9 29.084 8 29.631 2 29.0980 −0.025 3 −0.013 2 
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