Abstract: With the development of the loitering missile weapon system, the requirements of miniaturization, multi-function and high integration of the optoelectronic load on the loitering missile are getting higher and higher, and the accompanying heat dissipation problem is becoming increasingly prominent. In order to solve the problem of poor heat dissipation performance of the optoelectronic system on loitering missile, an optimization design method of air-cooling system based on parametric modeling was established. The method first determines the designable parameters of the air-cooling system, then selects several groups of sample points based on the Latin hypercube sampling method, and obtains the output response of each sample point corresponding to the input parameters through ICEPAK simulation calculation, and then establishes the air-cooling radiator Kriging proxy model. Based on the proxy model, the ASA(Adaptive Simulation Annealing) algorithm was used to optimize the air-cooling system, and finally, the optimization results were substituted into the thermal simulation model to verify its accuracy. This paper takes a small missile-borne optoelectronic system as an example. Firstly, thermal simulation analysis is carried out on the air-cooling radiator under the empirical design, and then optimization is carried out with the goal of minimizing the temperature of the heat source chip. The results show that compared with the empirical design, the optimized air-cooling radiator reduced the temperature rise of the heat source by 28.5%, effectively improving the heat dissipation level of the missile-borne optoelectronic system. The system design requirements are satisfied.