Abstract: Traditional machine vision systems are constrained to capture specific wavelength ranges of light, such as visible light, near-infrared, or ultraviolet, suitable for basic image capture and analysis tasks, but with limitations in dealing with complex optical effects and color analysis. As sensor and coating techniques continue to advance, the emergence of multispectral cameras has become apparent. In response to the escalating demands for sophisticated detection and analysis, machine vision systems are progressively integrating multiple spectral domains. A machine vision system for multispectral cameras based on Zemax was designed, with working bands of 400 nm to 700 nm, 700 nm to 800 nm, and 800 nm to 1 000 nm, a focal length of 12 mm, a relative aperture of 1 : 2.2, a half field angle of 20.6 °, a total length less than 115 mm, distortion less than 0.8%, and telecentricity lower than 1°. The design results indicate that the system achieves great imaging quality over a working distance of 500 nm to 1 500 mm through a set of focusing adjustments and meets tolerance processing requirements.