Abstract: A theoretical model of coupled optoelectronic oscillator (COEO) based on injection locking was proposed. The frequency response of the injection-locked COEO was obtained by viewing the optical fiber loop and the injection-locking effect as two cascaded bandpass filter, and the influence of the injection-locking effect on the output characteristics of the COEO was analyzed. In the experiment, the dynamic output range of the COEO under injection-locked conditions was determined by simulating frequency detuning conditions with the help of a tunable optical delay line. The output signal quality of the COEO under injection-locked conditions was investigated by adjusting the signal generator for different injection signal strengths. Under the conditions of injection signal strength of −15 dBm, the generated side-mode rejection ratios of microwave signal is 59 dB. The phase noise of the injection-locked COEO at near from the carrier signal is −124.1 dBc/Hz@10 kHz, the spurious mode suppression ratio is 39.3 dB at far from the carrier signal, and the frequency drift is controlled within 15 mHz. When the injected signal strength is −12 dBm, the generated side-mode rejection ratios of microwave signal is 66 dB. The phase noise of the COEO at near from the carrier signal is −117.6 dBc/Hz@10 kHz, the spurious mode suppression ratio is 41.2 dB at far from the carrier signal, and the frequency drift is 10 mHz.